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The Omaha Reservation of the federally recognized Omaha tribe is located mostly in Thurston County, Nebraska, with sections in neighboring Cuming and Burt counties, in addition to Monona County in Iowa. As of the 2000 federal census, the reservation population was 5,194. The tribal seat of government is in Macy.〔("Omaha Tribe" ), Nebraska Indian Commission. Retrieved 6/28/08.〕 The villages of Rosalie, Pender and Walthill are located within reservation boundaries, as is the northernmost part of Bancroft. Due to land sales in the area since the reservation was established, Pender has disputed tribal jurisdiction over it. The reservation was established by a treaty dated March 16, 1854. The tribe chose the lands with the President's approval on May 11, 1855. A treaty on March 6, 1865, followed by two acts of Congress on June 10, 1872 and June 22, 1874, ratified the agreement. On July 31, 1874, the tribe deeded part of its reservation to the Winnebago (also known as Ho-Chunk) to form the Winnebago Reservation just north of the Omaha Reservation. This action was ratified on August 7, 1882 and by an act on Congress dated March 3, 1893. were allotted to 1,577 Indians with the remaining land, , unallotted.〔("Brancroft, Cuming County" ), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Retrieved 6/28/08.〕 ==Boundary disputes== Boundary claims and areas of jurisdiction have continued to be issues for the Omaha Indian Reservation. In the late nineteenth century, Congress authorized sales of land to non-Omaha in the western portion of the reservation, where European-American farmers had settled. Due to the sales and federal legislation subsequent to the treaty establishing the reservation, a Nebraska state court in 2000 ruled that the western boundary of the reservation ended at railroad tracks east of Pender, Nebraska.〔 The Omaha Tribe contends that Pender is within tribal jurisdiction, as Congress did not change the boundaries of reservation, which includes most of Thurston County.〔(Paul Hammel, “Debate Over Tribal Jurisdiction at Standstill Police on the Omaha Reservation; Want the Authority to Arrest non-Indians,” ), ''Omaha World Herald'' (Nebraska), 15 February 2004, p. 3b, accessed 27 February 2012〕〔 The tribe says that the state does not have the power to redefine the boundary set by the Omaha treaty with the US government in 1865. It holds that although Congress authorized land sales in this area, it did not diminish the jurisdiction of the tribe within the reservation boundaries. "Under Supreme Court precedent, only Congress can diminish a reservation."〔("Omaha Tribe's court to hear non-Indian challenge" ), ''Indianz.com,'' 9 October 2007, accessed 1 March 2012〕 Asked for its opinion on a related matter related to the Omaha Tribe's law that liquor merchants on the reservation had to pay tribal license fees and sales taxes (see section below), the Nebraska state attorney general noted its opinion, based on Congressional laws and a field ruling during the Ronald Reagan administration, that Pender was outside the reservation boundaries. It also noted that ultimately this was a matter of federal jurisdiction.〔("Nebraska Attorney General's Opinion on Omaha Tribe Liquor Tax" ), 15 February 2007, Liquor Control Commission website, accessed 1 March 2012〕 There have been continuing issues related to tribal jurisdiction in Pender and other areas along its western boundary. For instance, in 2003 the tribal police tried to stop non-Omaha people from entering the reservation from Pender. The tribe negotiated with the state in 2003–2004 related to its policing functions in this area, but the parties signed no agreement. Prior to this period, the state generally had policing functions on the roads and in Pender.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Omaha Reservation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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